2025年に欧州各地で起きた異常気象の被害全貌と、気候変動がもたらす財務リスクを軽減するために保険会社が今すぐ取るべき対策
目次： エグゼクティブサマリー、 インタラクティブ・マップ、 実行可能なステップ、 リソース、 お問い合わせ
長引く干ばつから豪雨まで：2025年、異常気象は欧州にどのような影響を与えたのか？
2025年は、観測史上でも最も暖かい年のトップ3に入りました。異常気象（過去の傾向の両極端に位置する深刻な自然災害と定義される）により、欧州全体で年間430億ユーロの経済損失が生じたと推計されます。
2024年が「洪水の年」だった一方で、2025年は欧州各国が多様な災害リスクに見舞われました。
- 熱波と干ばつが大陸の広範囲、特に南部に影響しました。さらにベルギーとドイツで平均を上回る高温が続き、英国では観測史上最も暑い夏を記録しました。
- 大規模な山火事により、ポルトガルとスペインでは合計約70万ヘクタールが焼失しました。フランスとオランダでも平年より多くの山火事の発生が報告されました。
- 地盤沈下の増加による壁のひび割れ、床の不均一、ドアや窓のずれが、フランス、英国、オランダで報告されました。
- 暴風雨と鉄砲水 が集中豪雨と河川の氾濫を引き起こし、ポーランド、オーストリア、スペイン、フランスなど東欧および西欧の一部地域で、地域社会とインフラに影響を及ぼしました。
- 農業とインフラへの影響も広範に及び、停電、作物被害、暑さによる労働生産性の低下などにつながり、食料価格の上昇に波及する可能性が高そうです。
ミリマンの「欧州の異常気象」第5回年次レポートでは、これらを含む各種事象が保険会社、地域社会、その他関係者に与えた影響を評価しました。
本調査対象の13か国において異常気象がどのように影響したかの概要は、下のインタラクティブ・マップをご確認ください。さらに下にスクロールすると、保険会社はどのように適応することができるか、また「ミリマン気候変動レジリエンスへの取り組み 」がこの危機への対応にどのように貢献しているかを紹介します。
レポート全文をダウンロードThe toll of 2025’s extreme weather events across Europe—and steps insurers can take now to reduce the financial risks posed by climate change
Contents: Executive summary Interactive map Actionable steps Resources Contact
From prolonged drought to intense rain: How did extreme weather affect Europe in 2025?
The year 2025 ranked among the three warmest years ever recorded. Extreme weather events—defined as severe natural catastrophes at extreme ends of historical trends—caused an estimated €43 billion in economic losses across Europe throughout the year.
While 2024 was “The Year of the Flood,” during 2025 European countries experienced a range of perils:
- Heatwaves and drought affected large areas of the continent, particularly the south. But even Belgium and Germany endured above-average temperatures, and the UK recorded its hottest summer ever.
- Extensive wildfires destroyed nearly 700,000 hectares across Portugal and Spain, while France and the Netherlands reported more wildfires than normal.
- Rising subsidence claims—leading to cracks in walls, uneven floors and misaligned doors and windows—were seen in France, the UK and the Netherlands.
- Storms and flash floods caused intense rainfall and river overflow affecting communities and infrastructure in parts of eastern and western Europe, including Poland, Austria, Spain and France.
- Agricultural and infrastructure impacts were widespread and included power outages, crop damage and heat-driven declines in labor productivity, which will likely cause a rise in food prices.
Milliman’s 5th annual “Extreme weather in Europe” report assessed the impact of these and other events on insurers, communities and other stakeholders.
See the interactive map below for a glimpse at how extreme weather affected the 13 countries in our study. And scroll down to learn how insurers can adapt, and how the Milliman Climate Resilience Initiative is helping to address the crisis.
Download the full reportExtreme weather and insurance: The impact across Europe
Explore below to see a snapshot of 2025 extreme weather events in the highlighted countries.
Austria
Belgium
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
UK
How insurers can help manage the risks posed by climate change
As extreme weather continues to become more frequent across Europe, insurers must adapt, both through internal innovations and by collaborating with governments and policyholders. Many insurers are seeking the help of actuaries and other experts who have knowledge of product design, risk modelling and local European markets.
Key strategies to boost resilience include the following:
Advanced and dynamic risk modelling
Upgraded catastrophe models will be vital to capture the increasing severity and frequency of extreme weather events driven by climate change.
Insurance product innovation
New insurance solutions that can respond to heat, drought and flood-related risks include parametric products, public–private risk-sharing mechanisms and coverage structures that maintain affordability while reducing protection gaps.
Investments in climate mitigation and adaptation
Instead of determining after a disaster how to fund the recovery—when repairs are more expensive—stakeholders must make proactive investments to shore up infrastructure, agriculture and other key sectors.
Cooperation between insurers and government
By strengthening collaboration with national and EU-level authorities, insurers can help support resilient infrastructure investment, climate adaptation strategies and more sustainable insurance frameworks.
Education, transparency and public awareness
Insurers can benefit from expanding communication about climate risks, insurance limitations and adaptation responsibilities to help manage expectations and build policyholder trust in a changing risk landscape.
See more analysis and actionable steps for insurers
